Method and apparatus for efficient sharing of communication system resources

ABSTRACT

A method for accessing a reverse channel for communication from a remote unit to a base station is disclosed. The method includes waiting a random period of time in response to determining that the reverse channel is available at a first time. The method also includes monitoring a forward channel after expiration of the random period of time to determine whether the reverse channel is available at a second time. The method further includes transmitting a first portion of data on the reverse channel in response to determining that the reverse channel is available at the second time.

RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

This patent application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 60/181,014, filed on Feb. 8, 2000 and entitled “Multiple AccessScheme For Communications Systems With Delayed Flags.”

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates generally to a system having a channel that isaccessed by a plurality of remote units. More specifically, theinvention relates to a method of accessing the plurality of remoteunits.

2. Background of the Invention

Wireless local loop technology is becoming an increasingly popular meansfor providing communication services such as telephony, data servicesand television programming. A fixed wireless loop network includes aplurality of base stations. Each base station is in wirelesscommunication with a plurality of remote units which are typicallylocated at the premises of an end user where they are connected to thepremises equipment such as telephones, computers and faxes. The premisesequipment receives communication services over a wireless link betweenthe base station and the remote unit.

Two or more of the remote units typically transmit data to a basestation on a reverse channel. When more than one remote unit has data totransmit to the base station, they may try to concurrently access thereverse channel. When more than one remote unit transmits on the reversechannel, a collision results. A collision prevents data from any of theremote units from being successfully decoded at the base station, thusreducing the efficiency of fixed wireless loop telecommunicationsystems. As a result, there is a need for controlling access to areverse channel so as to reduce the number of collisions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for accessing a reverse channel forcommunication from a remote unit to a base station. The method includeswaiting a random period of time in response to determining that thereverse channel is available at a first time. The method also includesmonitoring a forward channel after expiration of the random period oftime to determine whether the reverse channel is available at a secondtime. The method further includes transmitting a first portion of dataon the reverse channel in response to determining that the reversechannel is available at the second time.

The method can also include transmitting from the remote unit to thebase station a second portion of the data on the reverse channel inresponse to determining that transmitting the first portion of datacaused the remote unit to access the reverse channel.

Determining whether the remote unit has accessed the reverse channel caninclude determining whether the reverse channel stayed available fromwhen the first portion of data was transmitted until a round-trip timehad passed. The round-trip time is the time required for a transmissionon the reverse channel to be evident on a forward channel.

Determining whether the remote unit has accessed the reverse channel caninclude determining whether the reverse channel is available at around-trip time after transmitting the first portion of data. Theround-trip time is the time required for a transmission on the reversechannel to be evident on the forward channel.

Determining whether the remote unit has accessed the reverse channel caninclude determining whether the base station successfully decoded thefirst portion of data.

The invention also relates to a method for accessing a reverse channelfor providing communication from a remote unit to a base station. Themethod includes executing a channel access method to access the reversechannel and waiting a second random time in response to the channelaccess method failing to provide access to the reverse channel. Themethod also includes re-executing the channel access method in responseto a determination that the reverse channel is not available afterpassage of the second random time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a communication system including a base station inwireless communication with a plurality of remote units;

FIG. 2 illustrates communication between a base station and a remoteunit on a forward channel and a reverse channel;

FIG. 3 illustrates a first remote unit and a second remote unit tryingto access the reverse channel;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a channel access method;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an access check method for determiningwhether a remote unit has accessed a reverse channel; and

FIG. 6 illustrates an access failure method which is executed by theremote unit after the channel access method fails to provide the remoteunit with access to the reverse channel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to a communication system having a reverse channelwhich is accessed by a plurality of remote units. When a remote unit hasdata to be transmitted on the reverse channel, the remote unit executesa channel access method to gain access to the reverse channel. Thechannel access method includes waiting until the reverse channel isavailable. When the reverse channel becomes available, the remote unitwaits a first random period of time. After the first random period oftime has expired, the remote unit determines whether the reverse channelis available. If the reverse channel is available, the remote unittransmits a first portion of the data on the reverse channel.

Waiting a first random period of time before transmitting on the reversechannel reduces the likelihood of collision when multiple remote unitsare trying to access the channel. If the remote units were to transmitas soon as the channel became available, a collision would result eachtime more than one remote unit was waiting for the channel to becomeavailable. Because the remote units wait a first random period of timebefore transmitting, the odds of more than one remote unit transmittingat the same time are reduced.

When the method for accessing a channel does not result in the remoteunit gaining access to the channel, the remote unit executes an accessfailure method. The access failure method includes waiting a secondrandom time. If the channel is still unavailable after the second randomtime, the remote unit re-executes the channel access method.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system 10 employing oneor more base stations 12 and a plurality of remote units 14. Theparticular system illustrated is a fixed wireless loop network althoughthe invention can be used in conjunction with other systems. A basestation 12 is in communication with a local switch 16 which can include,for example, a No. 5 ESS provided by Lucent Technologies. A suitablelocal switch 16 includes, but is not limited to, a voice switch and adata switch. The base station 12 is also in wireless communication witha plurality of remote units 14 located within the service area of thebase station 12.

The base station 12 includes a transmitter and a receiver which act asan air link interface to the remote units 14. The base station 12 alsoincludes certain processing and memory capabilities which provide theremote units 14 with the functionality described in this application.

When the system is a fixed wireless loop network, the remote units 14can be geographically fixed. For instance, the remote units 14 can befixed to a premises such as a home or a business. The remote unit 14 canbe in communication with a variety of premises communication equipment18 including, but not limited to, telephones, computers, modems and faxmachines.

The remote units 14 also include a transmitter and a receiver which actas an air link interface to the base station 12. The remote units 14also include processing and memory capabilities that provide the remoteunits 14 with the functionality described in this application.

FIG. 2 illustrates communication between a base station 12 and a remoteunit 14. The base station communicates with the remote unit over aforward channel 22 and the remote unit communicates with the basestation over a reverse channel 24. The communications of the basestation on the forward channel 22 can be received and processed by eachof the remote units in the system. Each of the remote units communicatewith the base station on the same reverse channel.

The reverse 24 and forward 22 channels are each divided into a pluralityof timeslots 26. The reverse channel is illustrated as being dividedinto eight timeslots 26, T₁-T₈. The subscripts 1-8 indicate thechronological order of the time slots. The forward channel 22 isillustrated as being divided into eight timeslots 26, T_(A)-T_(H). Thesubscripts A-H indicate the chronological order of the time slots. Forillustrative purposes, the timeslots 26 on the forward channel 22 areillustrated as occurring in a direction which is opposite to thedirection of transmission. Accordingly, timeslot T_(A) is on the forwardchannel 22 at substantially the same time as T₁ is on the reversechannel 24.

The time slots on the forward channel 22 contain at least two bits ofinformation. The bit labeled the B/I (busy/idle) bit providesinformation as to whether the base station is capable of receiving datain a time slot along the reverse channel. Accordingly, this bitindicates whether the reverse channel is available for use by one of theremote units. For instance, the base station sets the B/I bit to zerowhen the reverse channel is available and sets the B/I bit to one whenthe reverse channel is unavailable.

The D bit indicates whether the base station has successfully decodeddata received in a time slot. A failure to decode received data canresult from a collision of two or more remote units transmitting datainto the same time slot or from other transmission errors. For thepurposes of this application, the base station sets the D bit to zerowhen the base station has not successfully decoded data received from aremote unit and sets the D bit to one when the base station hassuccessfully decoded data received from a remote unit.

The remote units monitor the B/I bits on the forward channel 22 todetermine when to transmit to the base station. When the remote unitshave data to be transmitted to the base station, the remote units waituntil the B/I bit indicates that the reverse channel 24 is available.Once the B/I bit indicates that the reverse channel 24 is available, theremote units with data to be transmitted wait a random period of timeafter the reverse channel 24 becomes available. After passage of therandom period of time, each remote unit determines whether the reversechannel 24 is still available. When the reverse channel 24 is stillavailable, the remote units transmit at least a first portion of thedata to be transmitted. Because each remote unit determines the randomperiod of time which it will wait, each remote unit can wait a differentperiod of time before testing whether the reverse channel 24 is stillavailable. When each remote unit waits a different period of time, theopportunity for a collision resulting from concurrent transmission ofdata is reduced as compared to systems which do not wait a random periodof time before transmitting.

The time between a remote unit's transmission of a data package in atime slot on the reverse channel 24 and receipt of a response to thattransmission from the base station is referred to as round-trip time.From system to system the “round-trip” time interval may vary dependingon the hardware and software implementations. Within a given system,however, this round-trip time interval can be fixed and is known to thebase station and the associated remote units.

An example of the round-trip time is illustrated in FIG. 2. Since theB/I bit in timeslot T_(C) indicates that the reverse channel 24 isavailable, Remote unit 1 (RU₁) transmits data on the reverse channel 24at timeslot T₃. The B/I and D bits in the time slots on the forwardchannel 22 remain as zero for two time slots (T_(D) and T_(E)) beyondthe time slot in which RU₁, transmits data, T₃. The transmission on thereverse channel 24 becomes evident on the forward channel 22 at timeslotT_(F) because the B/I bit and the D bit have been changed from zero toone. Since three timeslots 26 pass between the transmission of the dataon the reverse channel 24 and the transmission becoming evident on theforward channel 22, the round-trip time is three timeslots 26.

The timeslot where a remote unit transmits on the reverse channel 24 iscalled the transmission timeslot. The timeslot on the forward channel 22at the round-trip time after the transmission timeslot is called theround-trip timeslot. Each transmission timeslot is associated with around-trip timeslot in that the round-trip timeslot is consulted fordata about the data transmitted in the associated transmission timeslot.

A remote unit consults the associated round-trip timeslot to determinewhether data transmitted in a particular transmission timeslot has beendecoded successfully by the base. For instance, when D bit is set toone, the data was successfully decoded. When the D bit is set to zero,the data was not decoded. In view of these conditions, when the firstremote unit RU₁, of FIG. 2 transmits data at timeslot T₃ and thenconsults timeslot T_(F), the D bit indicates that the data wassuccessfully decoded. However, when a second remote unit RU₂ and a thirdremote unit RU₃ concurrently transmit data at timeslot T₄ and consulttimeslot T_(G), the D bit indicate that the data was not successfullydecoded. The lack of success results from the collision that occurredwhen both remote units transmitted concurrently.

FIG. 3 illustrates a remote unit transmitting a first portion of data attimeslot T₁. The first portion of data can be data that can fit within asingle timeslot. The first portion of data at least identifies theremote unit that transmitted the first portion of data. The firstportion of data can include any additional data that fits within thetimeslot with the identification information. After transmission of thefirst portion of data, the remote unit performs an access check methodto determine whether the remote unit has successfully accessed thereverse channel 24. If the access check method indicates that the remoteunit has accessed the reverse channel 24, the remote unit transmits asecond portion of the data. However, if the access check methodindicates that the remote unit has not accessed the reverse channel 24,the remote unit performs an access failure method.

The access check method can include a determination of whether the firstportion of data has been successfully decoded by checking the D bit inthe round-trip timeslot as described above. When the first portion ofdata is not successfully decoded, the remote unit executes an accessfailure method.

The access check method can also include determining whether the reversechannel 24 remains available from the transmission timeslot up to theround-trip timeslot. If the reverse channel 24 becomes unavailableduring any of these timeslots 26, the remote unit executes an accessfailure method. The access failure method is performed because thereverse channel 24 has been acquired by another remote unit.

FIG. 3 illustrates the forward 22 and reverse 24 channels when more thanone remote unit tries to access the reverse channel 24. A second remoteunit RU₂ transmits a first portion of data at timeslot T₂ in an attemptto access the reverse channel 24. The second remote unit RU₂ thenconsults timeslots T_(B), T_(C) and T_(D) to determine whether thechannel became unavailable during any of these timeslots 26. TimeslotT_(D) indicates that the remote unit became unavailable as a result of afirst remote unit RU₁ transmitting a first portion of data at timeslotT₁. Because the first remote unit RU₁ tried to access the reversechannel 24 before the second remote unit RU₂, the second remote unit RU₂defers to the first remote unit by executing an access failure method.In contrast, the first remote unit consults timeslots 26 T_(A), T_(B)and T_(C) to determine whether the reverse channel 24 has becomeunavailable. Since the reverse channel 24 remained available and becausethe round-trip timeslot, T_(D), indicates that the base stationsuccessfully decoded the first portion of data, the first remote unittransmits a second portion of data starting a timeslot T₄.

When the entire amount of data to be transmitted from a remote unit istransmitted in a single timeslot, the base station need not indicatethat the reverse channel 24 is unavailable. The base station candetermine when a single timeslot includes all the data by consulting theheader of the transmission where the length of the data is listed. Whenthe data in the timeslot matches the length listed in the header, thebase station changes the D bit but does not change the B/I bit. Thatcombination of the B/I bit and the D bit at the round-trip timeslotindicates to the remote unit that the data was properly decoded.However, because the B/I bit indicates that the reverse channel 24 isstill available, the transmission will not prevent another remote unitfrom trying to access the reverse channel 24. For instance, if the firstremote unit RU₁ in FIG. 3 transmitted data which fit within a singletimeslot at timeslot T₁, the timeslot T_(D) would show a B/I bit ofzero. As a result, the second remote unit RU₂ would transmit the firstportion of data at timeslot T₅.

The access failure method can include waiting a second random time.After waiting the second random time, the remote unit makes adetermination whether the reverse channel 24 is available by consultingthe B/I bit. When the reverse channel 24 is available, the remote unittransmits the first portion of data. When the reverse channel 24 isunavailable, the remote unit waits until it becomes available and waitsthe first random time. After waiting the first random time, the remoteunit determines whether the reverse channel 24 is available byconsulting the B/I bit. When the reverse channel 24 is unavailable, theremote unit re-executes the access failure method; and when the reversechannel 24 is available, the remote unit transmits the first portion ofdata and proceeds as described above.

The first random time can be a random time between a first minimum valueand a first maximum value. The first minimum value and the first maximumvalue can be constants or can be variables. The first minimum value canbe as low as zero timeslots 26 and the first maximum value can be equalto or greater than the first minimum value. The first minimum value andfirst maximum value can be administratively entered into the remoteunits. Alternatively, they can be transmitted from the base station toeach of the remote units. Each remote unit can have the same firstminimum and the same first maximum value. Alternatively, all or aportion of the remote units can have a different first minimum value anda different first maximum value.

The second random time can be a random value between a second minimumvalue and a second maximum value. The second minimum value and thesecond maximum value can be constants or variables. The second minimumvalue can be as low as zero timeslots 26 and the second maximum valuecan be equal to or greater than the second minimum value. The secondminimum value can be the same as the first minimum value and/or thesecond maximum value can be the same as the first maximum value. Thesecond minimum value and second maximum value can be administrativelyentered into the remote units. Alternatively, they can be transmittedfrom the base station to each of the remote units. Each remote unit canhave the same second minimum and the same second maximum value.Alternatively, all or a portion of the remote units can have a differentsecond minimum and different second maximum values.

The first minimum value, the first maximum value, the second minimumvalue and the second maximum value can each be a function of systemconditions. For instance, the first minimum value, the first maximumvalue, the second minimum value and the second maximum value can be afunction of the number of remote units being served by a base station.In one embodiment, the first maximum value and/or the second maximumvalue increases as the number of remote units being served increases anddecreases as the number of remote units being served decreases.Accordingly, the random delays can have longer durations to account forthe larger number of remote units that may be trying to access thechannel.

In a preferred embodiment, the second maximum value is a function of thenumber of times that the access failure method has been accessed beforethe first portion of data is transmitted. In one embodiment, the secondmaximum value increases for each additional time that the failure accessmethod is accessed before the first portion of data is transmitted. Inone embodiment, the second maximum value increases exponentially withthe number of times that the access failure method is executed by theremote unit. For instance, the second random time can be between thesecond minimum value and the second maximum value+c^(n), where n is thenumber of times that the access failure method is accessed and c is aconstant which is preferably equal to 2. The first maximum value andc^(n) each have units of timeslots so that the random time resultingfrom the relationship is measured in terms of the number of timeslots 26that the remote unit waits.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a channel access method. FIG. 4 alsoillustrates interaction between the channel access method, an accesscheck method and an access failure method. The channel method begins atstart block 200 when the remote unit has been turned on. At processblock 202 the remote unit waits until it has data to be transmitted tothe base station on a control channel. At process block 204 the remoteunit waits until the reverse channel 24 is available. The remote unitdetermines when the reverse channel 24 is available by monitoringforward channel 22 until the B/I bit indicates that the reverse channel24 is available. Once the reverse channel 24 is available, the remoteunit waits the first random time at process block 206.

At determination block 208, the remote unit determines whether thereverse channel 24 is still available. This determination is made byconsulting the B/I bit once the first random time has expired. When thedetermination is positive, the remote unit proceeds to process block 210where it transmits a first portion of the data on the reverse channel24.

A determination is made whether the remote unit has accessed the reversechannel 24 at determination block 212. FIG. 5 provides an example of anaccess check method for determining whether a remote unit has accessed areverse channel 24. When the determination at determination block 212 ispositive, the remote unit proceeds to process block 214 where ittransmits a second portion of the data on the reverse channel 24. Atdetermination block 216, the remote unit determines whether the secondportion of data was successfully decoded at the base station. Thisdetermination is made by monitoring the D bit in the round-triptimeslots 26 associated with each timeslot where the second portion ofdata is transmitted. As a result, the remote unit continues to monitorthe D bit on the forward channel 22 after the remote unit has stoppedtransmitting data on the reverse channel 24. The determination ispositive unless any of the D bits in the round-trip timeslot indicatethat data was not successfully decoded. When the determination ispositive, the method terminates at end block 220.

When the determination at determination block 208, 212 or 216 isnegative, the remote unit executes an access failure method at processblock 218. FIG. 6 provides an example of an access failure method thatis suitable for use with particular embodiments of the invention. As isevident from FIG. 4, the failure access method can return the method toone or more locations in the channel access method. For instance, theaccess failure method illustrated in FIG. 6 returns the method toprocess block 202 in some instances, process block 204 in otherinstances and process block 210 in still other instances.

FIG. 5 provides an example of an access check method for determiningwhether a remote unit has accessed a reverse channel 24. The method isinitiated at start block 230. At determination block 232, adetermination is made whether another remote unit has accessed thereverse channel 24. This determination is made by consulting the B/I bitfrom the timeslot where the first portion of data is transmitted up tobut not including the round-trip timeslot associated with the timeslotwhere the first portion of data is transmitted. The determination atdetermination block 234 is negative unless the B/I bit in any of theconsulted timeslots 26 indicate that the reverse channel 24 isunavailable. When the determination is positive, it is determined that aremote unit has not accessed the reverse channel at process block 233.

When the determination at determination block 232 is negative, theremote unit proceeds to determination block 234 where a determination ismade whether the first portion of data transmitted from the remote unitwas successfully decoded. This determination can be made by consultingthe round-trip timeslot associated with the timeslot where the firstportion of data was transmitted as described above. The determination ispositive unless either the B/I bit and the D bit indicate that the datawas not received, not decoded or both. When the determination ispositive, it is determined that the remote unit has accessed the reversechannel 24 at process block 236. When the determination is negative, itis determined that the remote unit has not accessed the reverse channel24 at process block 233.

FIG. 6 illustrates an access failure method. The access failure methodis initiated at start block 270 when the method is accessed after aremote unit failed to access a channel. At determination block 272, adetermination is made whether the access failure method has beenaccessed more than an access failure maximum threshold. When thedetermination is negative, the remote unit proceeds to process block 274where the number of times that the failure access method is executed isupdated. As described above, the number of times that the failure accessmethod is accessed can be used to determine the second random time.

At determination block 276, the remote unit waits a second random time.As described above, the second random time can be a function of thenumber of times that the access failure method has been accessed. Atdetermination block 278, the remote unit determines whether the reversechannel 24 is available. This determination is made by consulting theB/I bit once the second random time has expired. When the determinationis negative, the method proceeds to return block 286 where the method isreturned to process block 204 of FIG. 4. When the determination ispositive, the method proceeds to return block 280 where the method isreturned to process block 210 of FIG. 4.

When the determination at process block 272 is positive, the remote unitproceeds to process block 282 where the data packet is discarded. Themethod proceeds from process block 282 to return block 284. At returnblock 284, the method is returned to process block 202 of FIG. 4.

Other embodiments, combinations and modifications of this invention willoccur readily to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of theseteachings. Therefore, this invention is to be limited only by thefollowing claims, which include all such embodiments and modificationswhen viewed in conjunction with the above specification and accompanyingdrawings.

1-15. (canceled)
 16. A method for accessing a reverse channel forproviding communication between a remote unit and a base station of awireless network comprising a plurality of base stations in wirelesscommunication with a plurality of remote units, comprising: executing achannel access method to access the reverse channel, wherein the channelaccess method includes waiting a first random period of time in responseto determining that the reverse channel is available; waiting the firstrandom period of time; determining that the channel access method failedto provide access to the reverse channel after the first random periodof time; and waiting a second random period of time before determiningwhether the reverse channel is available, wherein the second randomperiod of time and the first random period of time have differentdurations.
 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: transmittingfrom the remote unit to the base station a first portion of data inresponse to a determination that the reverse channel is available afterpassage of the second random period of time, the first portion of databeing transmitted on the reverse channel.
 18. The method of claim 17,further comprising: determining whether transmission of the firstportion of data has caused the remote unit to access the reversechannel.
 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising: determiningwhether the channel access method has failed to provide access to thereverse channel a number of times where the number of times exceeds afailure maximum threshold.
 20. The method of claim 19, furthercomprising: discarding data of a packet responsive to the determinationthat the number of times exceeds the failure maximum threshold.
 21. Themethod of claim 16, further comprising: re-executing the channel accessmethod in response to a determination that the reverse channel is notavailable after passage of the second random time.
 22. The method ofclaim 16, further comprising: after accessing the reverse channel,transmitting a first packet of data; performing an access checksubroutine; and if performance of the access check subroutine isfavorable, then transmitting a second packet of data; wherein performingthe access check subroutine comprises at least: determining whetheranother remote unit acquired the reverse channel, or determining whetherthe first packet of data was decoded.
 23. The method of claim 16,further comprising: after accessing the reverse channel, transmitting afirst packet of data; performing an access check subroutine; and ifperformance of the access check subroutine is favorable, thentransmitting a second packet of data.
 24. A method for accessing areverse channel for providing communication between a remote unit and abase station of a wireless network comprising a plurality of basestations in wireless communication with a plurality of remote units,comprising: executing a channel access method to access the reversechannel; and in the event of a failure to access the reverse channelafter a first random delay time, re-executing the channel access methodin response to a determination that the reverse channel is not availableafter passage of the random delay time, wherein the random delay time isbetween an upper and a lower limit, the upper limit being a function ofthe number of times that the channel access method fails to provideaccess to the reverse channel.
 25. The method of claim 24, furthercomprising: transmitting from the remote unit to the base station afirst portion of data in response to a determination that the reversechannel is available after passage of a second random delay time, thefirst portion of data being transmitted on the reverse channel.
 26. Themethod of claim 25, further comprising: determining whether transmissionof the first portion of data has caused the remote unit to access thereverse channel.
 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:determining whether the channel access method has failed to provideaccess to the reverse channel a number of times where the number oftimes exceeds a failure maximum threshold.
 28. The method of claim 27,further comprising: discarding data of a packet responsive to thedetermination that the number of times exceeds the failure maximumthreshold.
 29. Telecommunications remote unit apparatus for accessing areverse channel for providing communication between a remote unit and abase station of a wireless network comprising a plurality of basestations in wireless communication with a plurality of remote units,comprising: means for executing a channel access method to access thereverse channel, wherein the channel access method includes waiting afirst random period of time in response to determining that the reversechannel is available; means for waiting the first random period of time;means for determining that the channel access method failed to provideaccess to the reverse channel after the first random period of time; andmeans for waiting a second random period of time before determiningwhether the reverse channel is available, wherein the second randomperiod of time and the first random period of time have differentdurations.